RE-WRITING SWOT ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIOns Essay

RE-WRITING SWOT ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIOns - Essay Example (1) For over thirty years that Etisalat has been in operation, the company has been on the forefront in being innovative and providing reliable services. This has been possible due to its heavy investment in infrastructure which is the best within the Middle East region. Some of the services provided by Etisalat include money transfer services which are very sensitive and without a secure network, the services may be compromised thus lowering the integrity of the company. It suffices to say that the optimization of security program within Etisalat is quite quintessential in the view of the planned expansion. This notwithstanding, the company has been expanding at a phenomenal rate of the last few years which necessitates special attention to the security details. However due to the sensitive information of the whole company’s operational system it was very hard to delve deeper into more details and that’s why we had the one and only access to the security section to allow as further investigate how the security operation management that protects the whole company assets following international standards and best practices. This paper summarizes the operation of security assurance system in Etisalat, the design and strategy of new services, the difficulties associated with the security operation, and the future of Etisalat. An interview was conducted with 2 security engineers due to the tight time we had to ensure the completion of the operation management research. Collin& Roger (2003) favor qualitative methods, for example, interviewing, because these methods are considered as particularly helpful in the generation of an intensive, detailed examination of a case. First and foremost, operation management (OM) has been widely studied recently to measure the profound impact of it on the various firms around the globe. Productivity, processes, customer service, competitive

Project Management Summary Essay Example for Free

Project Management Summary Essay Strategic portfolio management plays an intricate part in project management. Through this paper, the reader will gain a stronger understanding of the relationship that strategic portfolio management plays in project management. Strategic Management Relation to Project Management Project management involves several parts, but the meaning must be understood first. â€Å"Project management is the planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of company resources for a relatively short-term objective that has been established to complete specific goals and objectives† (Kezner, 2013, p4). Knowing this allows the project manager to implement steps toward achievement of the defined goals and objectives. Part of these steps has to do with strategic management. Project management is strategically managed to advance the corporations organizational goals. Strategic management insures the right initiatives are pursued and supported with resources. Strategy today needs to align to a more fluid nature of business environments. It has to be flexible enough to adapt constantly to changing external and internal conditions. The relationship between strategic portfolio management and project management is a very important relationship. Strategic management compliments project management in that it attempts to ensure success by way of doing things at the most opportune time. If a company attempts something too early or too late then possible negative consequences may occur. Projects, within programs or portfolios, are a means of achieving organizational goals and objectives, often in the context of a strategic plan. Although a group of projects within a program can have discrete benefits, they can also contribute to the benefits of the program, to the objectives of the portfolio, and to the strategic plan of the organization. Conclusion As stated at the beginning of this paper â€Å"strategic portfolio management  plays an intricate part in project management†. The reader should now have a stronger understanding of the relationship that strategic portfolio management plays in project management. References Kerzner, Ph.D., H. (2013). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling (11th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection. Project Management Institute. (2013). A guide to the project management body of knowledge. (PMBOK guide). Newtown Square, Pa: Project Management Institute.

GSK3 Beta :: essays research papers

SECTION I Scientific Rationale for Selection of the Target A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Characterization of Target Diabetes Mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by the presence of excessive amounts of glucose and glucagon in the blood of diabetic patients. The most frequently cited reason for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is either a lack of insulin secretion (DM Type I) and/or, more commonly, the resistance to insulin in the peripheral tissues, particularly muscle and adipose tissue (DM type II). Hence, insulin has long been a target for the treatment of DM. In DM Type I, intravenous or subcutaneous insulin injection has often been the norm. Iatrogenic insulin administration, insulino-mimetics, or insulin-secretagogues have been the major modalities of treatment for DM type II; however, these treatments do not address the resistance in peripheral tissues to insulin. Essentially, these methods offer a â€Å"brute-force† method of treating hyperglycemia, by increasing levels of a decreasingly effective hormone (Champ). Under normal physiological conditions, insulin binds to the insulin receptor and becomes phosphorylated as a result. The phosphorylated insulin receptor binds to and phosphorylates IRS proteins and Shc, which bind differentially to various downstream signaling proteins. Phosphatidylinositol 3`-kinase (PI3-kinase), a downstream effector of IRS, is critical for the metabolic action of insulin - glucose transport, glycogen synthesis, and protein synthesis (FIGRURE 1) (Virkamaki). It has been discovered that protein kinase B (PKB), a downstream target of PI3-kinase directly phosphorylates and, as a result, inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). GSK-3 is a kinase, present in two nearly identical isoforms (GSK 3a and GSK 3b), which are constitutively active in resting cells of various tissues. When active, GSK-3 phosphorylates and inhibits, glycogen synthase, effectively blocking the synthesis of glycogen and favoring the presence of glucose monomers in the blood. GSK-3 also phosphor ylates and inhibits IRS-1, the presence of which is associated with insulin resistance (Eldar). Furthermore, GSK-3, which is responsible for blocking the synthesis of glycogen, is inhibited by insulin and therefore, effectively acts as a GSK-3 inhibitor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During peripheral resistance of insulin, as seen in DM type II patients, GSK-3 is no longer through binding of insulin to its receptor. Purportedly, GSK-3 limits insulin action via serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and it also inhibits glycogen synthase by the same mechanism. Hence by inhibiting IRS-1, PI3K is no longer activated to inhibit GSK-3. Essentially, GSK-3 triggers a negative feedback mechanism that results in its own disinhibition. (FIGURE 2) Novel methods in the treatment of DM type II, involves targeting the signaling pathway of insulin rather than increasing insulin concentrations in a patient.

Election of 1900 :: essays research papers

Election of 1900   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The presidential election of 1900 was between candidates William McKinley, William Bryan, John Wooley, Eugene Debs. Although the race only really consisted of McKinley and Bryan it was still a close race by far.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  McKinley was born in Niles, Ohio, on January 29, 1843, the seventh child of William and Nancy Allison McKinley. Young McKinley grew up a serious boy, possessed of a quiet determination to succeed. He attended school in Poland, Ohio, and then went to Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania. William Byran was born March 19, 1860. He was unsuccessful candidate for President of the United States, at 36 he was the youngest person ever nominated for that office by a major political party. He was nominated a total of three times but never attained the office. His statue represents Iowa in Statuary Hall in the United States Capitol Building The campaign itself was largely a replay of the race in 1896- with Bryan campaigning rigorously and McKinley not venturing from the White House. The issue of currency and silver was no longer relevant, and instead the campaign issues were whether the United States should give independence for the territories received in its war with Spain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although not a landslide shift comparable to election swings in the 20th century, McKinley's victory ended the pattern of close popular margins that had characterized elections since the Civil War. McKinley received 7,218,491 votes (51.7 percent) to Bryan's 6,356,734 votes (45.5 percent)-a gain for the Republicans of 114,000 votes over their total in 1896. McKinley received nearly twice the number electoral votes than Bryan did. In congressional elections that year, Republicans held fifty-five Senate seats to thirty-one for the Democrats; and the McKinley's party captured 197 House seats compared to 151 for the Democrats. Indeed, the Republican Party had become the majority political party in the nation After four years in office, McKinley's popularity had risen, primarily because of his image as the victorious commander-in-chief of the Spanish-American War. McKinley was elected as president of 1901. This was his second term as president.

Spanking as a Way of Child Discipline

Parents use discipline to teach their children the difference between right and wrong. The type of discipline parents use is entirely up to them but, â€Å"ninety percent of parents say that they have used [spanking] as a mean of discipline on their child, and most parents say that it was used on them when they were youngsters† (James). Spanking is a form of discipline that has been used by many parents; but it is now becoming the method that is being frowned upon by most doctors and many parents. The American Academy of Pediatricians say that spanking might actually do more harm than good†(Eisenhauer), meaning that the spanking will not correct the problems that the child has, but only make them worse. In some countries around the globe, such as Norway and Sweden, elected officials have made it totally illegal for parents to spank their child. Since this happened Oakland, California has established an official â€Å"No Spanking Zone. † This proposes a question, is spanking a good form of discipline? From what the doctors say it certainly appears not to be and I think most parents tend to agree with them that spanking is not an acceptable form of discipline anymore. But according to the Critique of Anti-Spanking Study, found in Assertive Discipline, â€Å"experts do not all agree that spanking is harmful and some believe that mild spanking is a useful form of discipline† (Canter). Also the same study said â€Å"72% of people surveyed still find it acceptable to punish a child by spanking them† (Canter). These are very different conclusions than the one found by the other doctors and people asked above. Bringing the reader to the conclusion that all discipline is a form of opinion. Most opinions still lean toward spanking being a form of abuse and that spanking a child is totally unacceptable because striking a young child will not actually teach them to be good. Spanking also hurts children mentally and spanking a child is no different from hitting some one else. The majority of parents that hit their kids are at the point of frustration and anger where they feel that spanking is the last thing left for them to do. First, striking a child will not teach them to be good; it actually makes them change the way that they look at things. In fact Parents News says â€Å"spanking [children] may have some potentially long term effects such as increasing the misbehavior, aggression, violent or criminal behavior, impaired learning, depression, and in worst case suicide† (Kuttner 46). The items that are cited here are very alarming and they express the concern that spanking is more than just a punishment. As said before spanking â€Å"is the least effective way to discipline† a child for two reasons; both reasons teach the child nothing about the difference between right and wrong. The first fact is that spanking confuses the child. How can they tell what [the spanking] means† (James)? The reason that spanking confuses them is simply this; â€Å"parents are the example of the difference between right and wrong† (Edwards). Basically all spanking is doing is telling the child is that every time somebody does something wrong they should be smacked for the mistake they made. Secondly, spanking simply installs a sense of â€Å"fear and resentment† towards the parent. The only result that comes from making a child fear the parent is just reverse what is trying to be accomplished; discipline. On top of fearing the parent, the child will also lose respect for their parent and make the relationship between parent and child become very weak. â€Å"Discipline will not work if parents do not have a good relationship with their child† says Dr. Mark Wolraich (Canter). This quote just highlights how spanking a child will weaken the respect that is needed between child and parent. In turn, the child does not know that he/she did anything wrong because the child has no respect for the parent any more. These examples show how spanking does not teach the child to be good, but it changes the way that children approach things. Secondly, hitting a child also hurts them mentally. Children that are spanked not only lose respect for their parents but they also lose respect in themselves. They start to believe that they are bad kids and they may also think that their parents do not like them. But not only are these children troubled at home by being spanked, they are also troubled at school: â€Å"There is some evidence from a British study that [children] may be less able to learn because physical punishment reduces a child's I. Q. † (Burnett). This is one good example of how spanking is the wrong type of discipline because it show how the learning process is effected. The only thing that spanking helps children learn is that it is acceptable for them to use violence as a cure for any problem. Parents do not even know that they are mentally injuring their child as shown here: â€Å"although most parents who spank have good intentions, they may actually cause harm by training their children to deal with conflict by using violence† (Kuttner 48). Mental health is really affected by spanking because the child is confused between the difference of what is right and what is wrong. Spanking kids can also lead to mental problems down the road too. The life stories of notorious individuals- Adolf Hitler amongst them- record excessive physical punishment during childhood† (Edwards). This represents that spanking may have good short-term effects, but down the road physical punishment will cause your child to have severe mental problems. The worst part about spanking children is that it actually does not teach them to be better people, in fact it will only make them more aggressive towards others. It is just as bad to spank a child because it causes them to want to use force to solve their own problems. Hitting a child is no different than hitting someone else. Parenting Magazine says â€Å"hitting a child doesn't make teach them anything but to have a ‘might makes a right' attitude towards others† (Kuttner 52). This means that using spanking as a disciplinary method only teaches them that hitting someone when they do something wrong is the right thing to do. Another magazine that deals with parenting issues basically says the same thing about physical punishment. â€Å"We do not say to our children (most of us, anyway), ‘Hitting is right' or ‘Hitting is a good thing to do. We do not really believe that it is a good thing to hit people. Most of us are not ‘in favor' of hitting children. However, many of us (most of us, actually) behave as if it is a good thing to do† says Murray Straus, a journalist for Parents. I think that the main problem is that parents are not informed well enough on the issue that spanking is so bad. The last quote shows that parents are totally unaware that they are even hurting their child because the parents â€Å"behave as if it is a good thing to do. Another thing that was brought to my attention was this: â€Å"studies of whole prisons populations all over the Western world show that criminals who used violence on their victims almost invariably had violence used against them when they were children† (Straus 131). I think that this also ties back to hitting being a way to solve problems, but in these circumstances the inmates used much more than just hitting. This also shows that when you hit a child it will effect them sometime in their life. Aggression is another thing that has been found to be effected by physical punishment. â€Å"Children have been found to be more aggressive when spanked for punishment than other children that have been disciplined by other means,† says Nancy Breen (Breen). Spanking is a type of discipline that brings out aggression in children and teaches child that it is acceptable for them to hit others. In turn, hitting a child is no different than hitting someone else. The main reason that parents still insist on using spanking as a form of discipline is because they see quick results. We felt the time outs and things weren't working for him and so we found that just a little smack on the behind would get his attention enough to where you could discipline him†, said Andrea Fouriezos in an interview with Parenting Magazine. But this simply means that the parents are using spanking as a last resort type of punishment. This is really bad because they are using it out of frustration and when nothing else is working. I think Dr. Mark Wolraich said it best we he said, â€Å"we're encouraging [parents] to look for other alternatives which have been shown to be effective† (Straus 128). If a doctor encourages other forms of discipline than one has to know that spanking is the wrong approach to disciplining your child. In conclusion to spanking your child, I feel it is a very bad approach when attempting to discipline your child. Not only does spanking effect them mentally it also does not teach them to be good. Plus, spanking teaches children that violence is the cure to every problem. So next time when your child does something wrong please consider an alternative method of discipline other than spanking them because it will only lead to more problems when the child gets older.

The Lend-Lease Act in World War II

The Lend-Lease Act in World War II The Lend-Lease Act, formally known as the An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States, was passed March 11, 1941. Championed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the legislation allowed military aid and supplies to be offered other nations. Passed before the United States entered World War II, the Lend-Lease Program effectively ended American neutrality and offered a means for directly supporting Britains war against Germany and Chinas conflict with Japan. Following the American entry into World War II, Lend-Lease was expanded to include the Soviet Union. During the course of the conflict, around $50.1 billion worth of materials were supplied on the premise that it would be paid for or returned. Background With the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, the United States assumed a neutral stance. As Nazi Germany began winning a long string of victories in Europe, the administration of President Franklin Roosevelt began seeking ways to aid Great Britain while remaining free of the conflict. Initially constrained by the Neutrality Acts which limited arms sales to cash and carry purchases by belligerents, Roosevelt declared large amounts of American weapons and ammunition surplus and authorized their shipment to Britain in mid-1940. He also entered into negotiations with Prime Minister Winston Churchill to secure leases for naval bases and airfields in British possessions across the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic coast of Canada. These talks ultimately produced the Destroyers for Bases Agreement in September 1940. This agreement saw 50 surplus American destroyers transferred to the Royal Navy and Royal Canadian Navy in exchange for rent-free, 99-year leases on various military installations. Though they succeeded in repelling the Germans during the Battle of Britain, the British remained hard-pressed by the enemy on multiple fronts. Royal Navy and U.S. Navy sailors inspect depth charges aboard Wickes-class destroyers, in 1940 before their transfer to the Royal Navy. Library of Congress The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 Seeking to move the nation towards a more active role in the conflict, Roosevelt wished to provide Britain with all possible aid short of war. As such, British warships were permitted to make repairs in American ports and training facilities for British servicemen were constructed in the U.S. To ease Britains shortage of war materials, Roosevelt pushed for the creation of the Lend-Lease Program. Officially titled An Act Further to Promote the Defense of the United States, the Lend-Lease Act was signed into law on March 11, 1941. This act empowered the president to sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of, to any such government [whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States] any defense article. In effect, it allowed Roosevelt to authorize the transfer of military materials to Britain with the understanding that they would ultimately be paid for or returned if they were not destroyed. To administer the program, Roosevelt created the Office of Lend-Lease Administration under the leadership of former steel industry executive Edward R. Stettinius. In selling the program to a skeptical and still somewhat isolationist American public, Roosevelt compared it to loaning a hose to a neighbor whose house was on fire. What do I do in such a crisis? the president asked the press. I dont say... Neighbor, my garden hose cost me $15; you have to pay me $15 for it - I dont want $15 - I want my garden hose back after the fire is over. In April, he expanded the program by offering lend-lease aid to China for their war against the Japanese. Taking swift advantage of the program, the British received over $1 billion in aid through October 1941. An American light tank is unloaded at a central ordnance depot in England, part of a lend-lease shipment from the United States. Library of Congress Effects of Lend-Lease Lend-Lease continued after the American entry into the war following the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941. As the American military mobilized for war, Lend-Lease materials in the form of vehicles, aircraft, weapons, etc. were shipped to other Allied nations who were actively fighting the Axis Powers. With the alliance of the United States and the Soviet Union in 1942, the program was expanded to allow their participation with large amounts of supplies passing through the Arctic Convoys, Persian Corridor, and the Alaska-Siberia Air Route. As the war progressed, most of the Allied nations proved capable of manufacturing sufficient frontline weapons for their troops, however, this led to a drastic reduction in the production other needed items. Materials from Lend-Lease filled this void in the form of munitions, food, transport aircraft, trucks, and rolling stock. The Red Army, in particular, took advantage of the program and by wars end, approximately two-thirds of its trucks were American-built Dodges and Studebakers. Also, the Soviets received around 2,000 locomotives for supplying its forces at the front. Reverse Lend-Lease While Lend-Lease generally saw goods being provided to the Allies, a Reverse Lend-Lease scheme also existed where goods and services were given to the United States. As American forces began arriving in Europe, Britain provided material assistance such as the use of Supermarine Spitfire fighters. Additionally, Commonwealth nations often provided food, bases, and other logistical support. Other Lead-Lease items included patrol boats and De Havilland Mosquito aircraft. Through the course of the war, the United States received around $7.8 billion in Reverse Lend-Lease aid with $6.8 of it coming from Britain and the Commonwealth nations. End of Lend-Lease A critical program for winning the war, Lend-Lease came to an abrupt end with its conclusion. As Britain needed to retain much of the Lend-Lease equipment for postwar use, the Anglo-American Loan was signed through which the British agreed to purchase the items for approximately ten cents on the dollar. The total value of the loan was around  £1,075 million. The final payment on the loan was made in 2006. All told, Lend-Lease provided $50.1 billion worth of supplies to the Allies during the conflict, with $31.4 billion to Britain, $11.3 billion to the Soviet Union, $3.2 billion to France and $1.6 billion to China.

Internet addiction among college students

Internet addiction among college students Problem description With the advent of the internet, the process of communication and social networking underwent major changes. It became much easier for individuals to link up with each other both by text chatting and by audiovisual ways. Social networking websites such as Facebook came up to help individuals trace and regain contact with friends with whom they had lost contact.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Internet addiction among college students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Facebook has been described as a basic directory on the internet which had originally been designed to help college students connect with each other via various social networks established in their respective schools (Baron, 2009). Since its inception over six years ago, the site has spread rapidly to a point where it can boast of over thirty million users spread over different walks of life. Unfortunately, Facebook was designed in su ch a way that it requires individuals to constantly log in to their accounts in order to check whether they have received messages or establish new friendships by responding to friend requests (Cohen, 2009). Facebook in particular has received a lot of following particularly from young adults especially since it provides a platform for creating social groups among individuals irrespective of the distance between them. As it is, this networking site has led to some form of addiction with college students dedicating a lot of their time on the site chatting and viewing friends’ photos. The situation has become so critical that various health care professionals have launched investigations into the medical problems associated with the Facebook addiction. Research into the problem A recent research conducted at the school of medicine in Stanford University came to the conclusion than one out of every American citizens exhibited symptoms internet addiction and that the treatment of such addiction was no different than the treatment of drug junkies (Hayes, 2010). The head of the study Dr. Elias Aboujaoude described the internet addiction as one that causes the patient to always want to get online even when they are not particularly looking for anything (Dickey, 2007). This was well equated with the impulsive drive to partake in an a pleasurable activity associated with drug and hard drug addiction.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Like with other forms of addiction, internet/Facebook addiction also leads to problems at both a personal and professional level. This brings about challenges that can negatively intrude in a person’s life. According to Dr. David Greenfield of the Center for internet studies, students have come to testify that they tend to spend a lot of time on Facebook at the expense of their studies. It however has not been establis hed whether such an addiction is a medical problem on its own or it is a manifestation of indwelling psychological challenges such as depression (Fenichel, 2009). One study trying to establish the impact of Facebook addiction on the performance of college going students surveyed a total of 217 students from a United States college. Individuals were subjected to both open and closed question and answer sessions (Fenichel, 2009).. It was concluded that individuals who regularly spent time on Facebook performed poorly in school. The research also established that individuals who did not use Facebook regularly dedicated more time to working for pay as their counterparts spent time engaging in extracurricular activities. Most of the regular Facebook users believed that the habit did not have a genuine negative effect on their lives. this was the position even with most of them confessing to having developed time management challenges as a result of spending a lot of time on Facebook (Dic key, 2007). Facebook addiction can be described by a number of symptoms including the constant urge to get online , dedicating very many hours to chatting and going through people’s profiles on Facebook, unending talks about knowledge acquired from Facebook, giving up important activities in order to spend time on Facebook as well as the continual resignation to Facebook temptations even when it is clear that this is problematic (Hayes, 2010). According to netaddiction.com females are more likely to be addicted to Facebook’s chatting application and this leads them to develop conditions such as insomnia and depression associated to large amounts of time spent in this activity. How companies and educational facilities are dealing with the issue Companies and educational facilities have come to point out Facebook addiction as a serious threat to performance in their institutions. This is because of the negative effect of procrastination that regular Facebook usage can le ad to. As such usage of the networking site has been banned in many enterprises. To ensure that workers and students don’t fall to the temptation, various firewall software have been used to block access to the website (Baron, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Internet addiction among college students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some institutions have even made it a point to note in their company laws that Facebook access during office hours is an offence that could lead to job termination. Scholars have however suggested that this type of ban could in the long-run be detrimental to the general growth of companies mainly because it has been established that many clients turn to Facebook when looking for bargains on products or service provision experts. Summary and recommendations The creators of Facebook may have had good intentions when they first launched the site. However, like anything good, F acebook has its weakness top on the list being the addictive tendencies. College students have particularly been proven to be more vulnerable to this sort of addiction. Even though, it has not been established as a medical condition, current research leans towards the suggestion that addiction to social networking sites has its own trailer challenges including illnesses such as depression (Cohen, 2009). Various recommendations have been made on how to handle cases of Facebook addiction. However, it must be noted that getting out of any habit mainly depends on the will of the person. Individuals must first have the desire to quit excessive Facebook usage (Baron, 2009). Effort should then be made to ensure that a strict time management is developed to enable the individual distinguish clearly what should be done and at what time. It is definitely advisable that the schedule include at least a few hours to login to Facebook because at the end of the day the aim is not to put the person in total isolation. The college should definitely employ the usage of Facebook blocking firewall software particularly in classroom and library computers. This will help students concentrate on assigned tasks as it will make it impossible to give in to the urge of accessing the Facebook website. Method used in conducting the research The research was primarily based on secondary data. Data was extracted from various journals, articles on the internet. The criteria of selection for the literature was the relevance to the research topic as well as the year of publication. Both public and private online libraries were visited to access the data. Facebook problem being a modern day challenge could not be effectively analysed without obtaining information from real case scenarios. Various college and work environments were studied to find out how the issue is being dealt with. This definitely made for some interesting research and it effectively came round to form the back-born of the r eport.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was very crucial information that made the research report appeal to both professionals and the general public. For the latter, it may require that some of the information collected be broken down into simple language and at the same time illustrations drawn from the common and familiar situations to further explain the case. Empirical data was collected from recent studies and numbers and figures used to show the illustrate the seriousness of the situation. Like with any other professional field of study, institution management research has to be conducted in such a way that the offer credibility to the practitioner. In such a field, the strength of any report lies in the figures provided to support theoretical data and particularly the numbers obtained from real life scenarios to support collected evidence. With this knowledge in mind, effort was made to obtain relevant information to the particular topic in question and this was accompanied by proper citations. Summary and r ecommendations The creators of Facebook may have had good intentions when they first launched the site. However, like anything good, Facebook has its weakness top on the list being the addictive tendencies. College students have particularly been proven to be more vulnerable to this sort of addiction. Even though, it has not been established as a medical condiction, current research leans towards the suggestion that addiction to social networking sites has its own trailer challenges including illnesses such as depression (Cohen, 2009). Various recommendations have been made on how to handle cases of Facebook addiction. However, it must be noted that getting out of any habit mainly depends on the will of the person. Individuals must first have the desire to quit excessive Facebook usage (Baron, 2009). Effort should then be made to ensure that a strict time management is developed to enable the individual distinguish clearly what should be done and at what time. It is definitely advis able that the schedule include at least a few hours to login to Facebook because at the end of the day the aim is not to put the person in total isolation. The college should definitely employ the usage of Facebook blocking firewall software particularly in classroom and library computers. This will help students concentrate on assigned tasks as it will make it impossible to give in to the urge of accessing the Facebook website. It is also recommended that the college invests in provision of time management sessions to students with the aim of instilling a culture of discipline amongst the students. This is in appreciation of the fact that at the end of the day, an individual can give up an addiction as long as he/she is committed to dropping the habit. Reference List Baron, D. (2009). Internet addiction: deadly pathology or just a nice substitute for TV? Retrieved from https://illinois.edu/db/view/25/6994 Cohen, E. (2009). Five clues that you are addicted to Facebook. Retrieved fro m http://edition.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/04/23/ep.facebook.addict/index.html Dickey, M. (2007). New internet danger: Unhealthy obsession (2/07). Retrieved from thelowell.org/opinion/35-oped/2061-new-internet-danger-unhealthy-obsession-207 Fenichel, M. (2009). Facebook Addiction Disorder (FAD). Retrieved from fenichel.com/facebook/ Hayes, C. (2010). Irish politician believes Facebook addiction causes mental health issues. Retrieved from irishcentral.com/advice/Irish-politician-believes-Facebook-addiction-causes-mental-health-issues-95262589.html

Systematic and Common Chemical Names

Systematic and Common Chemical Names There are many ways to name a chemical. Here is a look at the difference between different types of chemical names, including systematic names, common names, vernacular names and CAS numbers. Systematic or IUPAC Name The systematic name  also called the IUPAC name is the preferred way to name a chemical because each systematic name identifies exactly one chemical. The systematic name is determined by guidelines set forth by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Common Name A common name is defined by the IUPAC as a name that unambiguously defines a chemical, yet does not follow the current systematic naming convention. An example of a common name is acetone, which has the systematic name 2-propanone. Vernacular Name A vernacular name is a name used in a lab, trade or industry that does not unambiguously describe a single chemical. For example, copper sulfate is a vernacular name which may refer to copper(I) sulfate or copper(II) sulfate. Archaic Name An archaic name is an older name for a chemical that predates the modern naming conventions. Its helpful to know archaic names of chemicals because older texts may refer to chemicals by these names. Some chemicals are sold under archaic names or may be found in storage labeled with the older names. An example of this is muriatic acid, which is the archaic name for hydrochloric acid and is one of the names under which hydrochloric acid is sold. CAS Number A CAS number is an unambiguous identifier assigned to a chemical by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), a part of the American Chemical Society. CAS numbers are assigned sequentially, so you cant tell anything about the chemical by its number. Each CAS number consists of three strings of numbers that are separated by hyphens. The first number contains up to six digits, the second number is two digits, and the third number is a single digit. Other Chemical Identifiers Although the chemical names and CAS Number are the most common way to describe a chemical, there are other chemical identifiers you may encounter. Examples include numbers assigned by PubChem, ChemSpider, UNII, EC number, KEGG, ChEBI, ChEMBL, RTES number and the ATC code. Example of Chemical Names Putting it all together, here are the names for CuSO4 ·5H2O: Systematic (IUPAC) Name: copper(II) sulfate pentahydrateCommon Names: copper(II) sulfate, copper(II) sulfate, cupric sulfate, cupric sulfateVernacular Name: copper sulfate, copper sulfateArchaic Name: blue vitriol, bluestone, copper vitriolCAS Number: 7758-99-8

Air Conditioning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Air Conditioning - Essay Example res and unendurable steaminess thousands of people may turn on possibly one of the biggest inventions and developments of all time, which is the air conditioners (Varrasi, 2011). The air conditioner is basically a machine that is used to control the temperature and humidity level of a space. The air conditioner generally serves to distribute conditioned air in places that are occupied, especially by humans, thereby making it more comfortable for habitation. Although there are risks in using air conditioners, the benefits definitely outweigh the risks. This paper will discuss the air conditioner. First, the paper will discuss the history of air conditioning. Secondly, the benefits and the advantages of air conditioning will be discussed. This will be followed by the risks and disadvantages of air conditioners. The paper will close with a summary and conclusion. Throughout human history, several attempts have been made to avoid the discomfort that comes with a lot of heat. To this effect, humans have made several attempts to keep cool during hot summer months. Humans took refuge in shades and found comfort in the protection that they offered against the sun and hot grounds during prehistoric times, much as they do the same today as noted by Kreider (2008). With time humans started relying on architectural designs to achieve the same goal. To-date many buildings and constructions are simply designed to take advantage of natural ventilation. While this is the case, the fundamental idea behind air conditioning found application in ancient Egypt as noted by Kreider (2008). In ancient Egypt, people commonly hung reeds moistened with trickling water in windows. The water that evaporated from the reeds cooled the air that blew through the window into the house. As this happened, the air also got more humid. Ancient Romans on their part circulated water drawn from aqueducts through building walls to keep the buildings cool. While this was the case in ancient

Transition in Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Transition in Care - Essay Example A number of challenges shall also be taken under account regarding the ethical and legal issues in the health care settings (Christian et al., 2006). Pain management techniques and community care setting are illustrated in the paper to develop understanding of the patient’s health, furthermore it shall discuss the obstacles and challenged faced in the application and implementation of health care management for adolescences. It is an integral function of nursing to understand the condition of a patient as an individual to address their health needs (Abu-Saad, 1981). This means that the nursing practitioners will have to assess social experiences and needs of the patients (Begum & Johnson, 2010). The need for doing this is because it presents a case in front of the health care professional that will help them formulate a strategy for their treatment. According to the study Begum and Johnson (2010), Young people have specific and different health need (Begum & Johnson, 2010). In addition, their environment plays a major role in the development and overcoming the process of injury (Dumont et al., 2012). Looking at the case of Kelly, it comes to our understanding that she is a young girl who is spending her days in an acute adult hospital ward. This is serving as a great challenge for Kelly in her process of recovery that may lead to delay healing, trauma, cognitive abilities (academic performance), and res toring herself as an athlete (Dumont et al., 2012). In the case of it shall be noted that Kelly has been accommodated in a general ward, where she has different people belonging from different ages (Begum & Johnson, 2010). Briere and Lanktree (2011) argue that the services offered to adolescence in wards and home does not address their special need (Briere & Lanktree, 2011). They required psychological and special health care services to enhance their recovery. Therefore, Kelly shall be accommodated in the adolescence wards or with the people who are

Women in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Women in America - Essay Example However, the concept of ‘womanhood’ handed down through the ages, prevented them even from understanding that their own frustration, as women had been schooled to think that catering to the needs of the male-ruled world alone was their duty, and that alone can lead to fulfillment; â€Å"As a housewife and mother, she was respected as a full and equal partner to man in his world† observes Friedan (p. 1). Friedan goes on to describe the mental torture and torment that women had to undergo because of this conflict in their real emotions as against what they have been schooled to think.However, the concept of ‘womanhood’ handed down through the ages, prevented them even from understanding that their own frustration, as women had been schooled to think that catering to the needs of the male-ruled world alone was their duty, and that alone can lead to fulfillment; â€Å"As a housewife and mother, she was respected as a full and equal partner to man in his world† observes Friedan (p. 1). Friedan goes on to describe the mental torture and torment that women had to undergo because of this conflict in their real emotions as against what they have been schooled to think.  The important thing in Friedan’s work is that, while implies that women could find better fulfillment, if only they would go beyond the domestic frontiers and the roles imposed on them by the traditionally male-dominated society. Friedan seeks to emancipate womanhood from the ‘gendered’ roles imposed on her sex through work and occupation outside the domestic arena.   While Goldman’s perception of gender relations appears to be stronger and more vociferous. Goldman goes further in the analysis of   ‘feminine mystique’ discussed by Friedan and notes that   â€Å"a short period of married life, of complete surrender of all faculties, absolutely incapacitates the average woman for the outside world. She becomes reckless in appearance, clumsy in her movements, dependent in her decisions, cowardly in her judgment, a weight and a bore, which most men grow to hate and despise†. However, Goldman scorns marriage itself, as it is defeating in all ways.... 1). Friedan goes on to describe the mental torture and torment that women had to undergo because of this conflict in their real emotions as against what they have been schooled to think. The important thing in Friedan's work is that, while implies that women could find better fulfillment, if only they would go beyond the domestic frontiers and the roles imposed on them by the traditionally male-dominated society. Friedan seeks to emancipate womanhood from the 'gendered' roles imposed on her sex through work and occupation outside the domestic arena. While Goldman's perception of gender relations appears to be stronger and more vociferous. Goldman goes further in the analysis of 'feminine mystique' discussed by Friedan, and notes that "a short period of married life, of complete surrender of all faculties, absolutely incapacitates the average woman for the outside world. She becomes reckless in appearance, clumsy in her movements, dependent in her decisions, cowardly in her judgment, a weight and a bore, which most men grow to hate and despise" (Marriage and Love 3-4). However, Goldman scorns marriage itself, as it is defeating in all ways; she says "The institution of marriage makes a parasite of woman, an absolute dependent." (M&L 1) She partially holds women responsible for their subjugation and hampering their own emancipation, "The woman considers her position as worker transitory, to be thrown aside for the first bidder" (Goldman 3). Furthermore, Goldman criticizes the other institutions like religious bodies and the state for burdening women in various ways form which they seek emancipation, "because woman recognizes the awful toll she is made to pay to the Church,

KFC and Its Franchising Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

KFC and Its Franchising Strategy - Essay Example Presently the company has 15000 outlets with its presence in more than 105 countries (KFC, â€Å"About us†). It has almost 455000 employees. Currently, the company has a turnover of $15 billion. The success of the company is mainly due its product and a sound marketing strategy. However, the international expansion of the company also added to its huge success. The company undertakes its international expansion with franchise system. A franchised system is a process by which the company allows another organization to use its name and market its product. The organization which uses the name of the company to market the products is known as the franchisee. A franchisee thus holds the right to market the products in a particular geographic area (â€Å"Franchise†). KFC operates with franchise system in the international arena. The company was also highly benefitted by this type of operation as the financial risk was greatly minimized and company had taken other risks agains t it. Also, the franchised system has helped the company to understand the culture of the local community and develop the product line accordingly. For example in India, the company never sells any beef product as it is against the social culture. However, in countries like Pakistan, Afghanistan and other places of the world, the company sells beef products. As a consequence, the franchised system helps the company to adapt according to the regional taste. Also, the franchised system helped the company to decide the pricing strategy. It has a network of 1500 franchisee (Yum franchises, â€Å"Yum brands†). The international franchising strategy of the company is both offensives as well as defensive and thus made the firm less dependent on the home country about the revenues and demands. The company has also been able to generate high profits from international franchising strategy. Moreover, the franchising has system has driven the company to the international avenue. The fra nchising strategy of the company has also helped the company to accomplish the following:- International brand recognition by making its presence all over the world. The company strategically has chosen franchised mode apart from other modes of operation, as the franchised system offered less financial burden and also allowed the company to adapt according to the local culture. Franchise mode is also a safe way of conducting the business. It also allowed KFC to undertake an end to end marketing and distribution system. Hence on a whole, it can be concluded that apart from its product mix, promotional technique and other competencies franchised system hugely helped the company to grow their business into a global organization. Skoda and its Positioning Strategy Skoda is an automobile manufacturing and marketing company based in Czech Republic (â€Å"Volkswagen aims at becoming top global car-maker riding on the Skoda† 2011). However, in the year 2000 Skoda became a fully owned subsidiary brand of Volkswagen Auto group of Germany. The brand is mainly positioned as the entry brand of the entire brand. Within the group, the company was positioned at even higher than Volkswagen. It started the venture by manufacturing what is known as people’s car. Nowadays Skoda is positioned as the alternative of Volkswagen. Hence it can be clearly stated as the positioning strategy of Skoda was based on its features. It has successfully positioned itself as the family car which offers value to the price.  Ã‚  

Tourism company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Tourism company - Essay Example Opening up of new routes by airlines and lesser restrictions to length of stay have further enhanced the capacity to travel. These have also made locations in developing nations more appealing due to the stretching of the currency of the developed nations being possible. International tourist arrivals in the year 1950 were 25 million. Figures from World Tourism Organization reported in July 2005 estimated that international tourism arrivals reached 763 million, an increase of 10% over 2003. The industry has created the drive for an insatiable need to travel and experience the unknown. The youth market is becoming more and more inclined to travel and being a very diverse community are willing to experiment in its holiday requirements. Forecasted to grow by 6% between 2000 and 2010, the 18-30 age groups has more disposable income than previous generations and are becoming more confident holidaymakers. The concept of a holiday has moved among this generation from "rest and relaxation" to "fun and frolic." As a new target segment, they are demanding more uniqueness in their holiday habits as well as more value for money as perceived by them. They want to enjoy a wider spectrum of activities while on holiday. With the growing proportion of youths, travelling independently and booking on-line, all the trends within the package market reflect these changes. The specialist youth brands are working hard to dispel the traditional aspects of this market and offer better standards of accommodation and more activities for this increasingly discerning group. The competition to tap this market segment is fierce often being necessary that the little extras may make the difference between the purchase of this package or the next. One of today's greatest challenges in customer experience management is to create and sustain a predictable and consistent level of service that is very important in the leisure and tourism industry. The advent of Club 18-30 Club 18-30 has been Britain's leading youth tour operator since 1965 and started life by taking 580 yuppies to the Costa Brava. Its original purpose when launched by the Horizon group was to fill unused night flight seats, and it did extremely well. Buoyed by its instant success, it was supported by the ILG group and during the 70's & 80's, established itself as being synonymous with youth holidays. When the parent company ILG succumbed to the Gulf War, it was re-established by a management buy out and re-launched as 'The Club'. It received tremendous support from the UK travel trade, overseas hoteliers, agents and representatives. In 1994, it reverted to its original name and sales soared from 20,000 at the re-launch to over 100,000 in just 8 years. Throughout the years, many different companies have owned Club 18-30 and in 1999, it became part on the Thomas Cook Group. Club 18-30 was first launched in Spain and in the United Kingdom in 1965. It has since then established a significant reputation under that trademark in the youth holiday market. In the year, 2001, turnover of goods and services provided internationally under the Club 18-30 mark was in excess of 30 million. Extensive advertising under that mark on television, at the cinema, on the radio and in national publications at a cost of over 1 million helped promote this concept. In 2002, Club 18-30

KFC and Its Franchising Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

KFC and Its Franchising Strategy - Essay Example Presently the company has 15000 outlets with its presence in more than 105 countries (KFC, â€Å"About us†). It has almost 455000 employees. Currently, the company has a turnover of $15 billion. The success of the company is mainly due its product and a sound marketing strategy. However, the international expansion of the company also added to its huge success. The company undertakes its international expansion with franchise system. A franchised system is a process by which the company allows another organization to use its name and market its product. The organization which uses the name of the company to market the products is known as the franchisee. A franchisee thus holds the right to market the products in a particular geographic area (â€Å"Franchise†). KFC operates with franchise system in the international arena. The company was also highly benefitted by this type of operation as the financial risk was greatly minimized and company had taken other risks agains t it. Also, the franchised system has helped the company to understand the culture of the local community and develop the product line accordingly. For example in India, the company never sells any beef product as it is against the social culture. However, in countries like Pakistan, Afghanistan and other places of the world, the company sells beef products. As a consequence, the franchised system helps the company to adapt according to the regional taste. Also, the franchised system helped the company to decide the pricing strategy. It has a network of 1500 franchisee (Yum franchises, â€Å"Yum brands†). The international franchising strategy of the company is both offensives as well as defensive and thus made the firm less dependent on the home country about the revenues and demands. The company has also been able to generate high profits from international franchising strategy. Moreover, the franchising has system has driven the company to the international avenue. The fra nchising strategy of the company has also helped the company to accomplish the following:- International brand recognition by making its presence all over the world. The company strategically has chosen franchised mode apart from other modes of operation, as the franchised system offered less financial burden and also allowed the company to adapt according to the local culture. Franchise mode is also a safe way of conducting the business. It also allowed KFC to undertake an end to end marketing and distribution system. Hence on a whole, it can be concluded that apart from its product mix, promotional technique and other competencies franchised system hugely helped the company to grow their business into a global organization. Skoda and its Positioning Strategy Skoda is an automobile manufacturing and marketing company based in Czech Republic (â€Å"Volkswagen aims at becoming top global car-maker riding on the Skoda† 2011). However, in the year 2000 Skoda became a fully owned subsidiary brand of Volkswagen Auto group of Germany. The brand is mainly positioned as the entry brand of the entire brand. Within the group, the company was positioned at even higher than Volkswagen. It started the venture by manufacturing what is known as people’s car. Nowadays Skoda is positioned as the alternative of Volkswagen. Hence it can be clearly stated as the positioning strategy of Skoda was based on its features. It has successfully positioned itself as the family car which offers value to the price.  Ã‚  

Peer Response Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Peer Response - Article Example I personally commend your use of easy to understand language, which made it possible for me to understand some of the laws and the various Acts that cover them. This makes it possible for even the most of average people to read and find your post motivating and educative. By making the government Acts available in your post, you provided enough evidence to support your strong arguments. In my opinion, there was no misrepresentation of any evidence through the post because any and all your sources of information are recorded and sufficient. The practicality of what you researched on can be seen in what is happening in some of the states in America. Some criminal acts are often treated differently if the perpetrators are based in certain states. For my part, I would say that the your interpretation of the laws present provided me, and other readers, with the much needed insight into what happens when one breaks laws with regards to computer and information security. This insight may wo rk toward guiding us as we deal with the ever-changing face of the technological

Child Abuse Essay Example for Free

Child Abuse Essay Child abuse is any emotional, sexual, or physical mistreatment, as well as neglect of a child. Some countries may vary in their definition of the term. In the USA. The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) defines child abuse as child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. A UK guidance Working Together to Safeguard Children 2010 (1. 33-1.36) says that there are four types of child abuse: Emotional abuse Sexual abuse Physical abuse Neglect Although the UK guidance does not specifically mention bullying as a form of abuse, the countrys authorities say that there is compelling evidence that it is abuse, and will invariably include at least one of the four abuse categories defined. Child abuse can happen anywhere, in the childs home, school, community or other organizations, environments or places. What is physical abuse? Physical abuse may include, as defined in the UK and most other European Union countries: Burning Drowning Hitting Poisoning Scalding Shaking Suffocating Throwing When a parent/caregiver fabricates a symptom in a child When a parent/caregiver induces an illness in a child deliberately ..and any other type of physical harm to a child Some countries specifically define the following, as forms of physical abuse (some overlap those listed above) Belting, Biting, Blinding a person or causing impairment of sight, Cutting or  otherwise exposing somebody to something sharp, Drowning, Excessive pinching on the body, Exposure to a dangerous animal, Exposure to a toxic substance, Exposure to cold, freezing, Exposure to electric shock, Exposure to heat or radiation, Burning, Head-butting, Infecting with a disease, Kicking, Kneeing, Placing in stress positions (tied or otherwise forced), Poisoning, Punching, Pushing, pulling, Slapping, Sleep deprivation, Stabbing, Strangling, Striking with an object, Striking, Throwing acid in someones face, Throwing or shooting a projectile, Tickling non-consensually, Tripping, Whipping, Withholding food or medication. In a growing number of countries, using corporal punishment as a form of imposing or teaching discipline, is seen as a form of physical child abuse.

Consumer Packaged Goods In The Following Six Segments Marketing Essay

Consumer Packaged Goods In The Following Six Segments Marketing Essay Procter and Gamble is a global multinational company, headquartered in Cincinnati Ohio Proctor and Gamble Wikipedia 2012. It manufactures through internal and third party manufacturers (3PM) consumer packaged goods in the following six segments (Beauty, Grooming, Healthcare, Pet Care, Fabric and home care, Baby family care) as per its 2011 Annual report. Closely linked to its current product portfolio of products, PGs vision is: Be, and be recognized as, the best consumer products and services company in the world whereas its mission statement is: We will provide branded products and services of superior quality and value that improve the lives of the worlds consumers. As a result, consumers will reward us with leadership sales, profit and value creation, allowing our people, our shareholders, and the communities in which we live and work to prosper. (PG Annual Report) It was not only until 2011 that the Pringles brand was under the PG umbrella. PG sells a myriad of products with multiple segments, target consumers and specific positioning. It is so mind boggling that it could range from a Duracell battery to SKII a premium skin care product manufactured in Japan. In Australia, a bottle of 75ml facial treatment essence- one of its more popular SKUs sells for AUD100. The beauty segment offers cosmetics, female antiperspirant and deodorant, female personal cleansing, female shave care, hair care, hair color, hair styling, pharmacy channel, prestige products, salon professional, and skin care products. The Grooming segment provides electronic hair removal devices, home small appliances, male blades and razors, and male personal care. The Health Care segment comprises feminine care, gastrointestinal, incontinence, rapid diagnostics, respiratory, toothbrush, toothpaste, water filtration, and other oral care. The Pet Care segment offers pet care products. The Fabric Care and Home Care segment includes laundry additives, air care, batteries, dish care, fabric enhancers, laundry detergents, and surface care products. The Baby Care and Family Care segment consists of baby wipes, diapers, paper towels, tissues, and toilet papers products. (PG Profile, Yahoo! Finance) PGs vision of the best consumer products and services company in the world seems realistic and attainable as its consistently ranked as one of the as one of the Most Admired Companies in the Fortune ranking (CNN Money, World most admired companies); earning top spot in the consumer products industry and No 9 overall on the 2012 list. Over the recent years, PG has consistently earned the top spot within the Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) industry while ranking in the top 10 of the overall list. Whereas PGs mission statement is in tandem with its actions as its currently the CPG in the world based on sales revenues; and continues to strive for sustainability in its business actions. It is currently the worlds largest producer of household and personal products by revenue standing at USD82billion for 2011. PGs products reach 4 billion people worldwide and have 22 brands with over USD1billion in annual sales with another 19 brands generating over USD500 million in sales. The USD1billion brands include Tide, Pampers, Gillette, Pantene, Bounty, Oral B etc. With marketing spend of nearly $10 billion a year on TV, print and online advertising, PG is the worlds largest marketer. (PG ad spending hits $9.3 billion, Marketwatch 2012) However, the company has recently discovered the benefits of cost effective social and digital media and is gradually gaining traction in that arena which is mostly they believe was more cost effective and equally efficient as compared to traditional media. In the competitive Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry, PGs brands are important to the company. It has spent a great deal of time and money to establish its brand image by developing superior products through extensive Research Development (RD), innovative packaging, ensuring its on shelf availability and backing it with engaging integrated marketing communications and reliable service. However, the company seems to suffer from the fame of its company rather than its brands as compared to say its close competitor Unilever. Many people do not know of the company Unilever but have heard of its brands like Lipton, Magnum, Dove, Knorr etc. Whereas for PG, many people have strong associations and recognition of the company but when you ask people to mention its billion dollar brands, people normal stumble over that. Because of the competitive landscape, PG is takes the initiative to reach out to the voice of the consumer through multiple consumer insight activities. They have realized that at the heart of their success will be a successful marketing strategy. PGs products are based on a sound understanding of who their customers are. This of course doesnt imply that the company manufactures products to meet the whims and fancies of every consumer. However, PG aggressively exploits opportunities in the market to their advantage and are continuously vigilant in the monitoring of those opportunities. Customer knowledge is thus important to PG which studies both end consumers and trade partners through continuous market research and intelligence gathering. As proof of their commitment, PG currently spends more than $100 million no small change on over 10,000 formal consumer research projects annually and generates more than 3 million consumer contacts via its email and phone center. It also emphas izes getting its marketers and researchers out into the field, where they can interact with consumers and retailers face to face in their natural environment. (PG kisses up to the boss, Advertising Age) PGs market oriented strategy continues to play a vital role in the company with the economic downturn and the onslaught of private label brands and consumers increasing demanding low price and good quality products. At this moment, PG brands still dominate the premium end of most of the categories in which they compete in and while their aspirational qualities resonate with consumers, PG will have to stay at the top of the game in the fickle consumer goods market. Issue 2: PGs leading market position (Top 3) in almost all its categories provides it with significant competitive advantage. However, with the economic slowdown and consumers starting to penny pinch, it is increasing difficult for branded product manufacturers like PG to maintain their sales volume and revenue growth while preventing discounting which dilutes brand image. Looking at the SWOT Analysis (Datamonitor), we can identify the current PG position: Strengths Strong RD and innovation culture. Spends more than twice on RD compared to its nearest rival Unilever. Leading market position in most categories Diversified Product Portfolio Strong brand portfolio- 24 USD1 billion brands. Weaknesses Increasing instance of product recall thus implication of poorer manufacturing quality Dependant on Walmart and few other major retailers for majority of its revenues Too many products, easily to get overextended, fight for capital amongst brands Opportunities Expansion in developing and emerging markets in Brazil, Russia, India China(BRIC) Mexico, Indonesia, South Africa, Turkey(MIST) Future growth plans and new segments Threats Regulatory environment Slowing global economic conditions Raw material cyclical prices Counterfeit goods or rip offs of innovation by Chinese manufacturers Other competitors like Unilever, Reckitt Benckiser (RB) Essentially PG is its own competitor. Its strength of having such a diversified product portfolio is also its weakness because with so many products, its easy for PG management to get distracted, what more so its consumers who might be confused with too many choices. One of its main weaknesses is over-reliance on Walmart for majority of revenues. To increase distribution choices, PG could consider selling via its own website considering the popularity of ecommerce. Although, since this is not its core competency, it might not be a feasible strategy with some market research and feasibility studies. Its main external threats are controlling its cost base and also stiff competition between other FMCG giants. To control cyclical raw material prices, PG could work out long term deals with raw material prices and it needs to focus on improving its value proposition to its customers to prevent price wars. Customers: PGs customer base is unique. Because not only would PGs customers include those in the modern and traditional trade. They also encompass the end consumers both you and me. Modern trade refers to retailing at large format stores whereas general trade refers to retailing at the thousands of independent retail, wholesale and mom and pop stores. Some examples of its customer would include Walmart, Carrefour and Tesco who are more prevalent and dominant in the developed world. Whereas, the smaller mom and pop stores are the distribution channels of choice in developing economies like India or Mexico where consumers buy sachets worth a few cents with higher frequency than a large retail store. PGs biggest customer is Walmart, contributing more than 16% or revenue in 2011 down from 20% in the early 2000s.(Wikinvest) In this case, customer power with Walmart is very strong and PG normally has to concede to Walmarts request for certain promotions or price discounts. At this moment, PG has not yet discovered any alternative to Walmart and might have to yield to their demands. On the other hand, PG could use this to their advantage, using the judo move and utilizing the clout of Walmart and sell more products with sustainable profits. In terms of end consumers, end consumers are fickle and are subjected to Moments of Truth. The best known is the First moment of Truth (FMOT), coined by PG where in just 3-7 seconds, a shopper encounters a product on the store shelf and decides in those short moments whether to buy it. If the consumer does not find the product, she moves on to a competitors product. There is basically little consumer loyalty when it comes to soap and shampoo. The Second Moment of Truth (SMOT), is the moment when a consumer uses the product and is another powerful marketing opportunity but it is harder for the manufacturer to control because this is when the consumer uses the Pantene shampoo and decides whether she likes the texture, smell or after results of the shampoo. Then it progresses to the Zero Moment of Truth (ZMOT) where consumers are going online using blogs, facebook or twitter to find inspiration for their own looks and get tips and tricks from experts or take cues from a favorite celebrity. Because of this progression and the influence of the internet of consumer behaviors, PG has started to re-evaluate the brands true FMOT and is looking to shift to focus on the notion of store back which means that ad agencies need to start formulating ideas at the retail store, working backwards to outside the store. This also means that marketers need work on their pull marketing strategies which gets demand forecast from consumers, not only the traditional push strategies and find ways to match the two. PG puts on its priority list the importance that the end consumer always has a consistent and positive experience from ZMOT to point of purchase and beyond, and has strived to get in front of the consumer with the right brand message upstream in the process of discovery and to continue staying there. Collaborators: PG has many collaborators. They would include direct and indirect material vendors like: raw material suppliers, advertising agencies, marketing research firms, independent product testing laboratories, logistics partners, communication companies, banks and financial institutions, travel agencies and hotels etc. Of special mention would be its supply chain partners which would include warehousing, transportation, software providers and carriers as PG has one of the worlds best supply chain. In the 2012 survey, it placed in the Top 5 just behind Apple, Amazon, McDonalds and Dell. PG has showcased its ability to make efficient decisions across the supply network. It is a consistent challenge to ensure the right forecast demand and that shelves are filled, but PG has managed to find the right balance. With its best in class, open innovation platform, combined with an impressive new product operational capability that synchronized with its clockwork run supply chain, it taps a deep well of understanding its consumers, aligning to their ZMOT and FMOT, to continue to deliver new products on time and on demand. (The Gartner Supply Chain Top 25 2012) In order for all cogs to move in sync, PG has to maintain a win-win partnership with its collaborators to create sustainable competitive advantages. Competitors: Due to PGs diverse product range, there is no one for one direct competitor with this behemoth. Some of PGs competitors include other FMCG multinationals like Unilever, Clorox, Kimberly Clark, Johnson Johnson (consumer division) and also Japanese FMCG companies like Kao, Lion etc. It faces strong competition from its competitors and has to constantly innovate, cut cost to maintain its position as the market leader. Its closest competitor would be the Anglo Dutch company Unilever but even then, Unilevers sales revenue is only half of PGs. PG also possess a higher operating margin than its competitors at 20.3% versus Unilever at 14.8% in the year 2010. Although PG has many competitors, it has established itself as a market leader and is thus well positioned to ward off competition or make necessary acquisitions of smaller companies. Its last notable acquisition was in 2005 of Gillette, forming the largest consumer goods company in the world and placing Unilever in second place. This added brands such as Gillette, Duracell, Braun and Oral B to their stable. Therefore, for new start ups to the consumer goods industry, they would find the barriers to entry pretty high. Whereas for the existing competitors like Unilever, Colgate Palmolive, they have to continue to play the catch up game, in terms of market share. Context: A PESTLE analysis will be conducted to examine the current situation for PG in the global market. Political: With local operations in more than a hundred countries, based in different time zones and continents, PG has to manage the complexity of different political regimes, rules and regulations and political trends influencing its business operations. On one hand, PG has to adapt and thrive to the changing political pressures in different nations, yet on the other hand, due to its scale and size, it plays integral roles to cooperate and affect local government policy with its clout and manufacturing size. Therefore, It has considerable clout due to its ability to move and shift hundreds of jobs out of a country. Economic: The world economy is having shorter cyclical patterns and PG is seeing market share stagnant or decline in the developed areas like US and Europe. However, world demand is forecasted to grow in the next few years due to growing populations and development of economies in the developing continents like Latin America and Asia. Due to the different nuances and different cultural and consumer habits, PG has to be attuned to the changes in order to continue to grow and thrive and it must take note that developments in the different markets and nations will cause an uneven growth situation in different regions. It might thus have to focus its marketing firepower on previously neglected upon nations. Social: PG has to place great attention and importance to the different social norms when expanding overseas due to various cultural backgrounds in different market in order not to step on any taboo landmines. For instance, due to the changing masculinity trends, we have the advent of the metrosexual and the demand for men grooming is seen as a growth area for the FMCG market. Or for example, due to the increasing drive towards being socially responsible, PG needs to source its raw materials like tomatoes or palm oil from sustainable sources or face wrath from watchdogs like Greenpeace of other tree huggers. Because of this sustainability trend, PG has committed to developing USD50billion worth of products that have a sustainable impact. Technological: As the overall market of fast moving consumer products is very large and diversified, PG has invested significantly to gain technological advantage in order to maintain and expand its market position. As a result, technology investment in product formulation, packaging, product design is heavy and development is fast. PG has its own RD function reporting directly to the CEO and based on 2010 numbers; PG invested nearly USD2billion in RD up from USD1.95 billion in 2008. Legal: PG has to obey and comply with different legal and tax requirements on its products, manufacturing process and business operations. With the rising prices in commodities, FMCG companies would like to raise prices but are contained by certain price ceilings by governments and thus PG has to battle with price ceilings yet remain profitable. For example, it tried to raise prices but suffered mandated price cuts in Venezuela and import curbs in Argentina. Ethical: Because personal products are daily essentials, the quality and safety of the products are extremely important for the brands. Any scandals or rumors about the product can lead to significant and unconceivable damage on the image. For eg the recall in 2011 for their Oral B products due to Microbial contamination in Canada, China, Chile, Columbia and Mexico caused dissatisfaction amongst consumers in the way that it was handled where in China consumers who wanted a refund had to send the empty product bottles, receipt and a copy of their bank account passbooks to the companys Guangzhou office which caused ire amongst the consumers as it was unreasonable for consumers to keep the bottle after they consumed the mouth wash. Issue 3: PGs former CEO A.G Lafley who retired in 2010 coined a strong and simple message that the Consumer is Boss and PG followed his mantra and tried to get the true opinion of its consumers with the belief that the closer they get to the customers, the better it was for them. (Innovation Machine PG: 1 Billion $ for Consumer Insights. 2012.) PG spends more than USD400 million annual in external consumer insight activities. In those activities, they touch base with more than 5 million consumers spanning 100 countries. They also conduct over 20,000 individual research studies every year, all this time and money spent is to understand the consumer a little bit more better to better identify opportunities for segmentation, product innovation and how to create a better overall service delivery to the consumers. (PG.com Core strengths) Apart from external sources, one famous platform that is created in-house by PG is TREMORà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ in 2001 under which it created the website www.vocalpoint.com which is a website for a community of mums to share knowledge and exchange opinions. Tremor is the word of mouth marketing organization developed by Procter Gamble that combines PGs wide-ranging marketing expertise with key learnings from cognitive science. (Tremor) It was founded for a dual purpose: market research tool and Word of mouth (WOM) advertisement. On vocalpoint, it connects about 600,000 mothers and these mothers have an average of 25-30 touchpoints with other women as compared to 5 for a usual mom. They share product information with other mums and this is key for PG as most household products are purchased by mothers or women in the household. They get samples and coupons to create a network effect. However, social media has changed the way in which companies gather information through traditional streams as consumers move to a digital age. It now gathers information about consumers through digital means like Facebook, twitter, launching apps that can be used on Smartphones etc and requires on website traffic and analytics to spot the next trend. In terms of competitor intelligence, PG definitely closely monitors its competitors through various online sources and probably outsources this research to external companies. In turn, this information is shared through the intranet about competitor intelligence and updates employees on what their competitors are up to. As there is no public information on this, I am assuming PG does the same if not more based on my work experience in Unilever. Competitors that currently represent a threat to PG would be Unilever, Colgate Palmolive, Clorox etc. The strategic group that PG is in would be the branded consumer goods section. However, PG isnt a direct competitor across all segments some of its competitors like Unilever still has a large portion of its revenue from its Food, tea and beverage business. Whereas Johnson Johnson not only consumer goods, but is also strong in medical and pharmaceutical industries. Its closest competitor in terms of direct product to product lineup in the household products market might be Colgate Palmolive. At this moment, PG is probably its own worst enemy. But in terms of its closest competitors that represent a treat, I would think that Unilever, Colgate Palmolive are two or its nearest competitors. One point to raise is the threat of private labels brands from supermarkets themselves. This is starting to be a threat especially during the economic recession when consumers dont differentiate between Shampoo Brand X and Shampoo Brand Y in terms of its value (reduces hair frizz) but on price alone. The in store brands by supermarkets like Coles or Woolworths compete in the same product category but obviously can afford to sell them at a lower entry price but higher profit margin. In order to mitigate this threat, PG has to spend more on branding and innovation to hopefully induce the willingness to pay for its products. The context of the FMCG industry is always dynamic. However, even though PG can probably use market research to stay abreast of latest developments, due to its size, it might not have the flexibility to react quickly to changes. It is clear in terms of the shift in power of the world economy; USA is the superpower of the past whereas Asia is the new superpower. With its headquarters still in Cincinnati Ohio, that in a sense is a constraint for PG as it is away from the business centers, away from the growth in the developing countries. PG needs the help of its collaborators to move to the next level as they are all part of the value chain activities. For example, it would needs its global logistics providers to ensure on time shelf delivery at competitive cost, it would need the 3PM to produce quality and competitively priced products, ad agencies to produce quality and engaging ads etc. In order to select the best collaborators, PG has balanced scorecards in terms of environmental sustainability to maintain its commitment to reduce its carbon footprint Issue 4: As one of the leaders in marketing, PG has spared no efforts in its marketing segmentation. For its paper products like tissues and toilet paper, it has household brands like Charmin, Puffs, Royale and Bounty. For its shampoo segment, it has famous brands like Head Shoulders, Vidal Sasson, Pert Plus, Ivory and Pantene, supposedly sufficient to cater to a wide range of hair: oily, dry, dandruff, coloured, split ends etc. For the laundry segment, one of its cash cows has in itself 8 brands for sale in the United States. This would include Ivory Snow, Dreft, Oxydol, era, Gain, Bold, Cheer and its crown Jewel Tide. Because PG also is based worldwide, it has many different specially created brands in each category to cater to different international markets. In Latin America, it sells 16 laundry product brands whereas in its EMEA (Europe, Middle East, Africa) geographic segment, it has a whopping 19 different brands for choice. PGs marketing strategy has clearly shifted from mass market to target marketing. It is aware that consumers have different needs through its elaborate consumer research, it has been trying to develop a product for every type of need a consumer has, it seems that PG is trying to have a race with itself to develop new products for any kind of customer. We can understand the motivation as PG wants to use its economies of scale and brand name to push out its products and expand market share to new and existing loyal customers. With the enormous number of brands in PG, we would imagine that each brand manager is trying to fight for publicity and capital for its brand. It is merely a hypothetical question, but could the multitude of brands be more of an internal fight for importance rather than actually meeting consumer needs? However, clearly PG positions itself in the premium section of the FMCG market. Its products like Pantene, Vidal Sasson can command higher prices than a lower end shampoo brand like Sunsilk from Unilever. As mentioned, the multitude of brands is both the strength and weakness for PG. For one, the same laundry products for example will be competing with each other for limited and precious supermarket shelf positioning and space. The fact that PG introduces several brands in one category might be economies of scale but could also crowd out the market. It could perhaps concentrate its resources on a handful of main brands and focus their targeting on specific customer segments instead of spreading itself too thinly. Because of the multitude of PGs categories, we will just examine in detail its laundry brands in US. In order to breakdown laundry segments, PG first has to look at the job to be done segmentation. It did research and probably thought that apart from using detergents to get clean clothes, people also want other things from detergent. For example, mothers might want cheap detergent because with a family of three kids, there would be many dirty clothes and washing cycles to do in a week. Thus, they would want detergent that is economical and powerful to get rid of dirt stains. On the same demographics of mothers, you get mothers with babies, and they would want detergents with less (zero) chemicals catered to the sensitive skin of babies. On the other spectrum, you might have some working professionals or yuppies who have a higher willingness to pay and value detergents that had a nice fresh smell and are sustainable for the environment. Thus, it is no surprise that PG has launched 8 b rands in the US to cater to all the individual niches of customers. A quick check on www.walmart.com (Appedix A) and entering in the word Tide prompts 65 hits on the detergent in the household essentials segment. The fact is that Tide comes in three forms: liquid, powder, pod forms. It also comes in many shapes, scents and sizes. This results in a minimum of 65 SKUS for just one laundry brand. By segmenting the market for laundry across multiple detergent brands, PG seems to have covered all bases for consumer laundry needs and wants. As a result, PG is the unrivalled leader in the USD7billion US laundry detergent market. Tide alone is the market leader with a respectable 38% market share. When we combine all eight of PG laundry brands, it comes up to a 60% share of the market-2.5 times that of nearest rival Unilever and much more than any single brand could obtain by itself. However, does this mean that market share is due to the fact that PG has that many brands and is successful in its segmentation activities or is it because of the overall value proposition PGs detergents provide to its consumers. Could PG attain its market share of 60% by optimizing the number of SKUs by half? PG recognizes that they cannot appeal to all buyers in the marketplace or at least not to all buyers in the same way. Buyers are too numerous, too widely scattered, and too varied in their needs and buying practices. Moreover, PG itself varies widely in its abilities to serve different segments of the market. Rather than trying to compete in an entire market, sometimes against superior competitors, PG has identified the parts of the market that it can serve best and most profitably. Thus, PG is being more selective about the consumers that they wish to capture and retain. It has been a clear leader in moving from mass marketing, toward market segmentation and targeting-successfully identifying market segments after stringent market research and studies, selecting one or more of them, and developing products and marketing programs individually tailored to the specific niche. PG clearly believes the rifle approach is more effective rather than the shotgun approach. It has achieved previous success based on this approach, but would this strategy continue to work for the fickle and fussy FMCG market? It should however be noted that Apple -one of the best marketers of technology thinks differently, with the iphone is still managed as a mass marketing concept. Issue 5: PGs reputation as being the best in marketing is indisputable. They are known to be at least 5 years ahead of competitors in terms of how they go to market. They continuously train and invest in their employees at the beginning of their careers and like to promote from within. They spend enormous amounts of money training their people to become world class marketers and many of their people leave PG to lead other companies as their Chief Marketing Officer. PG clearly puts the consumer first. As such, their marketing strategy is based on deep consumer insights. This might mean their advertising probably wont be the most creative, but they will capture revenue and market share. This however, might prove to be a stumbling block with the changing demographics in the developing world. PGs marketing orientation makes business sense strategically. With a market orientation and micro marketing approach, PG can adapt to the 4Ps. In terms of Price, PGs premium pricing has shown that it can be moved with lower prices for the more cost sensitive developing countries. In terms of product categories, it competes in 35 product categories in US but only present in an average of 19 product categories globally. Therefore, PG is focusing on the launching more product categories in more countries, targeting expansion of the global average to presence in 24 product categories by 2014-15. With regards to place, PG currently distributes broadly through four channels: 1) supermarkets mass volume retail, 2) mom pop stores which are still prevalent in the third world countries especially when shops are inaccessible, 3) wholesale and 4) modern retail stores. As part of new channel strategy, PG also is focusing on expansion in the international pharmacy and e-commerce channels. This s hall contribute to PG products being available at more outlets. (PGs market share strategy set to pay off- Seeking Alpha) The PG brand plays a huge role in its marketing strategy as its one of the most recognized brands in the world. The PG brand is synonymous with premium pricing and quality. With the shift in the demographics, PG would need to shift to developing countries and the younger age segmentation. In terms of developing countries, it would be right on the ball to focus on India and China. At this moment, PG is definitely behind the curve for India as Hindustan Unilever is the clear leader in the CPG industry, however, PG does better in terms of brand penetration in China. The positioning in China is also very different as compared to India

El Poder de las Metáforas :: Spanish Essays

El Poder de las Metà ¡foras ABSTRACT: The terms 'metaphor' and 'metaphorical' are overused in art theory and criticism, specially when applied to pictures. In last years different authors have written theories that attempt to define and characterise visual metaphors. I shall analyse Carroll's approach to visual metaphors. I shall try to show, first, that requirements of homospatiality and non composibility of the elements in a figure are neither necessary nor sufficient conditions for metaphorical effect, to perceive a thing under a new light. Second, that considering a visual metaphor as an invitation to mapping different categories onto each other does not take into account its specificity. As pictures, their relevance is just to provide the categories for the mapping, which is an imaginary task. On the contrary, there are examples of images, which directly provoke a metaphorical insight. Caricatures are the simplest and most ubiquitous case. I. En los à ºltimos aà ±os han surgido en el terreno de la filosofà ­a del arte diferentes teorà ­as sobre las metà ¡foras visuales, en parte motivadas por el uso ambiguo y el abuso del concepto en la crà ­tica y la teorà ­a del arte. Entre ellas se encuentran la de R. Wollheim en Painting as an Art y la de N. Carroll en "Visual Metaphor". Ambos se centran en el modo especà ­fico en que la imagen, pictà ³rica, en el primer caso, metaforiza. Pero las diferencias comienzan muy pronto. Para Wollheim, la intencià ³n y el efecto de la metà ¡fora consisten en "poner bajo una nueva luz el objeto metaforizado",(1) que no està ¡ necesariamente representado en la imagen. Para Carroll, la metà ¡fora invita a "considerar los referentes de los elementos (de la imagen) fà ­sicamente no componibles y/o de categorà ­as y conceptos relacionados con ellos en tà ©rminos de proyecciones de unos en otros".(2) Mientras que Carroll parte de determinados ejemplos de imà ¡genes que en principio serà ­an fà ¡cilmente admitidos como metà ¡foras visuales, tratando de seà ±alar en quà © consiste su carà ¡cter metafà ³rico, Wollheim procede, segà ºn es habitual en Painting as an Art, identificando ciertas respuestas del espectador, como efecto de un contenido metafà ³rico de la pintura. Estas respuestas serà ­an "mayormente afectivas", estarà ­an "dirigidas normalmente al objeto metaforizado", y serà ­an provocadas por "la pintura como un todo".(3) Por su parte, Carroll propone analizar ejemplos de metà ¡foras pictà ³ricas, como son: Le viol de R. Magritte, El pastel-mà ¡quina de escribir de C. Oldenburg y un fragmento de Las tentaciones de San Antonio de El Bosco en el que aparece un cura con hocico de cerdo.

Racial Controversy Surrounding the Assassination of Martin Luther King,

The Racial Controversy Surrounding the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. The impact of Martin Luther King, Jr. today is no doubt revered. He is commonly called the â€Å"Father of Civil Rights,† and is looked upon as a national icon, in an almost presidential-type light. His achievements have not only begat a national holiday for his birthday, but also helped lead to the creation of Black History Month. However, his accomplishments were not so regaled in his own time. In fact, most Caucasian Americans refused to even recognize any ban or barrier he and his cohorts attempted to change. African-Americans were just simply not respected by most whites in the 1950s and 1960s because they were considered â€Å"inferior.† This resonates with Baldwin’s opinions of whites’ refusals to accept that they may have made a mistake, and instead of taking responsibility for that mistake, they dump it on African-Americans and other races. A good example of this â€Å"dumping† of responsibilities occurred with the assass ination of King. It may be a possibility that the many different conspiracy theories that evolved after King’s assassination were created in a way to avoid Caucasians admitting that a single white person shot and killed the head of the Civil Rights Movement. Along with the many different conspiracy theories, there has been an uncovering of faults in the FBI’s investigation, some of which include not taking African-Americans’ eyewitness testimony seriously. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s first step into the world of civil rights occurred in Montgomery, Alabama, in December of 1951. After she refused to surrender her bus seat to a white passenger, Rosa Parks was arrested for violating the city’s segregation ... ... Luther King, Jr.: Conspiracy Theory #4†. Infoplease. 8 Apr. 2004 . Frank, Gerold. An American Death: The True Story of the Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Greatest Manhunt of Our Time. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1972. â€Å"King Report—Part 2†. U.S. Department of Justice. 8 Apr. 2004 . "Martin Luther King, Jr.". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2004. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 8 Apr. 2004. Library Gateway, Champaign-Urbana, Illinois. . Ripley, Anthony. â€Å"Funeral Is Ignored by Whites But Some Atlanta Stores Close.† New York Times 9 Apr. 1968: 1-2. ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times. Library Gateway, Champaign-Urbana, Illinois. 11 Apr. 2004 .

French Canadians, and English Canadians Essay

Throughout the 20th century, the relations between the French and the English in Canada had a significant negative impact on Canadian history. The defining moments that changed French-English relations in Canada were the WWI conscription crisis, the creation and the governing of the Union Nationale Party in the 1930s, and Quebec’s Quite Revolution in the 1960s. The WWI conscription crisis considerably weakened the relations between the French and the English in Canada during WWI. By 1917, the casualty rates at the front in France and Flanders exceeded 109 4891 soldiers. As the number of volunteer soldiers was only about 64 3392 men, the lack of reinforcements forced Prime Minister Robert Borden to make conscription or compulsory military service a law for Canadians to ensure victory in war. However, many French Canadians opposed forcing men to enlist in the armed forces because they did not want to get involved in a European war and felt no obligation to defend France who had abandoned Quebec to defend its culture and language on its own in 1759. On the other hand, the English felt an obligation to defend Britain and could not comprehend why Quebec had only provided twenty percent3 of the volunteers in proportion to its population to defend France. As a result, the social unity of the French and the English in the country was threatened. The vote for conscription was split fifty-fifty4 along linguistic lines and the tragic outcome of this crisis was that civil war almost broke out in Canada when the French rioted in Montreal against fighting a foreign war. The demonstrations and protests in Quebec against conscription and the mistrust of the English who felt that a vote against conscription was a vote for Germany’s victory proved that conscription was disastrous to French-English social relations because of national unity had been destroyed for only 45 0005 recruited soldiers. Similarly, the long-term effects of the WWI conscription crisis caused extensive damage to French-English unity and proved to be a disaster in politics for the Conservative Party. Because Robert Borden and the Conservative Party passed laws such as the Military Voters Act and the War Time Elections Act to make conscription a law during WWI by giving votes to soldiers and women, the French turned against the Conservative Party because they saw them as the representatives of the English. These long-term political disasters that resulted from conscription crisis continued to demonstrate the weakened  French and English relations to this day since Quebec had no Conservative Party premier for the past hundred and fifteen years.6 Because of the violent social conflicts such as riots and bitter political catastrophes such as the French mistrust of the Conservative Party, the WWI conscription crisis strained French-English relations and created bitter feelings that would affect the peacetime. Another defining moment in Canadian history that greatly weakened French English relations was the creation and the government of the Union Nationale Party in Quebec in the 1930s. During the Great Depression, the agricultural industry’s prices plummeted, forced over fifty percent7 of Quebec’s population to migrate to cities and search for work. In 1936, Maurice Duplessis from the newly formed Union Nationale Party became Quebec’s Premier and took seventy-two of the ninety seats8 in the government, with his promises to help French rural society and improve labor rights for the French factory workers who were struggling in the cities. However, during its time in power, the Duplessis government resisted change and encouraged the preservation of French values and traditions by adopting nationalistic policies and continuing to allow the English to dominate the majority of Quebec’s business. The Duplessis government ruled in an almost totalitarian manner to protect the French culture and managed to hold power of Quebec until 1959. They vigorously protected French values and beliefs during the Great Depression, but they failed to protect the French and English business relations that quickly weakened. They promises of the Union Nationale to provide protection for French workers with better labor laws such as higher minimum wages, workers’ compensation, and pensions quickly raised English suspicion and mistrust toward the French because these capitalists owned and ran most of the corporations in Quebec. The fact that the Union Nationale saw the English corporations as exploiting the poor and wanted certain labor rights for French workers did not strengthen the economical relations between the English began to distrust the French as they saw them nationalizing and beginning to pose threats to their business profits. In addiction to that, the English and French were further divided by the social conflicts caused by the governing policies of the Union Nationale. This occurred because the Union Nationale government encouraged the Catholic  Church to control education and other social programs in Quebec, obstructed to federal encroachment on provincial rights during WWI, and preserved traditional values and beliefs of the French such as the nobility of the plough to prevent them from being assimilated into the English culture. This destabilized French English political, economical and predominantly social affairs in Canada because the French withdrew into a defensive shell and viewed any English intrusion and change to Quebec as harmful to the preservation of their culture. Therefore, the governing policies of the Union Nationale in the 1930s created greater French nationalism and the desire for separation from the rest of Canada to preserve their culture and weakened the relations between French and English Canadians by planting the seeds for another major conflict that would arrive suddenly and once again disrupt the nation’s unity. Indeed, the arrival of the next conflict that split the French and the English in Canada did arrive suddenly between 1950-66 and was marked as Quebec’s Quite Revolution, which was disastrous for the nation’s unity. When Maurice Duplessis of the Union Nationale Party died in 1959, Jean Lesage became Quebec’s new Liberal Premier, winning fifty-one and a half percent9 of the popular vote. This ended Quebec’s isolationist policy and started Maitres chez nous or Masters in our own house policy, which served as a strategic base for the upcoming changes in Quebec. The Quiet Revolution was a period of non-violent steady reform, modernization in Quebec, and the redefinition of the role of French Canadians who wanted equality with the English within Confederation. However, the end of this peaceful movement came suddenly in 1966 with the creation of nationalist groups such as the Parti Revolution who adopted separatist ideologies and took control of the province of Quebec that was desperately seeking equality. Although the goal of the Quiet Revolution was to make French equivalent within the Confederation, its own ideology failed to strengthen the social and economical relations with the English Canadians. The new Liberal government refused to accept federal funding to modernize education, improve the labor code for French workers, and nationalize hydro-electric facilities in Quebec. As a result, the provincial taxes on individuals and corporations in Quebec became the third highest10 in Canada. Consequently, bitter social and  economical conflicts occurred between the English federalists and Quebec’s business owners who became infuriated with the French because they refused federal funding in order to achieve greater power and therefore equality within Confederation. Furthermore, even greater political and social conflicts between the French Canadians and English Canadians were result of Quebec’s Quiet Revolution. These major arguments were initiated in 1964 when the Liberal Party forced the Federal government to grant Quebec the right to opt out of thirty11 of the country’s cost sharing programs with full compensation. The English in Canada as well as the federal government were greatly angered since only the province of Quebec was given this special status and their political differences with the French widened because the French did not see their special status as privilege, but rather as a way to gain more control and improve their position within Canada. Therefore, Quebec’s Quiet Revolution was a catastrophic failure for French-English unity in Canada as it caused conflicts between federalists and nationalists in Quebec and in the federal government and failed to make any two provinces equal within Confederation. Throughout the twentieth century it was evident that the French and the English engaged in severe social, political, and economical conflicts that prevented Canada from merging as a country. The WWI conscription crisis in 1917 bitterly split the nation at a time when national unity was important to ensure victory in the war as it made the French feel like a minority and caused great mistrust of the English who viewed them as being unpatriotic to the country. The government of the Union Nationale during the 1930s caused even stronger breakdowns to French-English relations as it build a defensive shell around Quebec and isolated the French from the rest of Canada in an attempt to protect their traditions. Subsequently, Quebec’s Quit Revolution from 1960-66 failed to bring an end to these conflicts as it caused greater English mistrust and resulted in the formation of militant groups in Quebec who believed that only a violent revolution would finally allow them to achieve total independence and equality within Confederation.